Instructions: Read, study, and learn this lesson. Then do the exercise.  When you are satisfied that you understand the lesson, take the test.

  {Adverb Clauses}

An adverb clause is used in the same way as an adverb and affects a word in the main clause of a sentence.

1. A dependent clause that does the work of an adverb is an adverb clause:

Examples:

{As I stood there}, the bus came.
Let’s turn back {before we get lost}.
He walked {in} {as if he knew everyone there}.

2. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions. Some common subordinate conjunctions are listed below: 

after	although	as	as if	because
before	if	since	than	unless
until	when	where	while

3. An adverb clause usually modifies a verb but may modify some other word in the sentence.  It may also modify an adjective or a participle used as an adjective.

Examples: 

Jerry, [waiting there] {while we ordered}, looked /bored/.
Sue, [happy] {because her brother had come home}, .rented. a /car/ {for the weekend}. 

4. An adverb clause that begins a sentence usually needs a comma: 

Example: {After I wash the dishes}, I .should do. [my] /homework/. 

Examples:             

I .should do. [my] /homework/ {after I wash the dishes}.
I .will go. {with you} {although I really should stay home}.

The comma is not needed in those examples.

Exercise, Lesson 23

Instructions: Read, study, and memorize the key teaching points regarding this lesson. When you can recall and discuss the information with understanding, take the test. 

What to learn about adverb clauses: 

1. An adverb clause is used in the same way as an adverb and affects a word in the main clause of a sentence. 

2. A dependent clause that does the work of an adverb is an adverb clause.

3. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions.

4. Some common subordinate conjunctions are listed below: 

after	although	as	as if	because
before	if	since	than	unless
until	when	where	while

5. An adverb clause usually modifies a verb but may modify some other word in the sentence. 

6. An adverb clause may also modify an adjective or a participle used as an adjective. 

7. An adverb clause that begins a sentence usually needs a comma. 

8. An adverb clause that follows an independent clause, may not need a comma. 

9. The sound of the sentence will help determine if a comma should be used before a clause following an independent clause. 

Test, Lesson 23

Instructions: Write the sentences on a separate sheet of paper and answer all of the questions. 

1. What is an adverb clause and how is it marked? 

2. What is a dependent clause that does the work of an adverb? 

3. Write two sentences using adverb clauses. 

4. How are adverb clauses introduced in a sentence? 

5. Write two sentences using subordinate conjunctions. 

6. Which parts of speech do adverb clauses usually modify? 

7. When are adverb clauses set off with commas? 

8. Write two sentences using adverb clauses to start the sentences. 

9. How do you determine if a comma should be used following an independent clause?

Marking Sentences

Instructions: Mark the following sentences. 

1. We must start over because there has been a mistake. 

2. Frank, mumbling under his breath as he left, went home early. 

3. The class will be canceled unless ten students sign up. 

4. I have not heard that song since I was in Alabama. 

5. Jackie wrote a note and mailed it before she left. 

6. Dad, singing as he walked, turned on Wilder Avenue. 

7. When you see the mail handler give him this letter. 

8. They did not leave until the lights went out. 

9. After the sun had set we sang songs around the camp fire. 

10. When the bus comes, give the driver your ticket.