Grammar Lessons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Instructions:
Read, study, and learn this lesson. Then do the exercise. When you are
satisfied that you understand the lesson, take the test. Conjunctions
A simple sentence is an independent clause. A conjunction is used to join two independent clauses and make them a compound sentence. A compound sentence is longer than a simple sentence, and a complex sentence has more supporting information than a simple sentence. In a complex sentence, when two sentences are joined together, one becomes a dependent clause. A dependent clause is marked as either an [adjective] or {adverb}. The independent clause is marked as a sentence. 1. A compound sentence is two or more independent clauses joined together. Examples: (Dependent) A [large] crowd .gathered. /outside/, and the march .began. (Independent) A [large] crowd .gathered. /outside/. The march .began. 2. An independent clause contains a verb and subject and expresses a complete thought. It can also be set off from the rest of the sentence with commas. Example: (Independent) A [large] crowd .gathered. /outside/, (Dependent): and the march .began. (Dependent) I .washed. the /dishes/, and she .cleaned. the /floor/, but no one .made. /lunch/. (Independent) I .washed. the /dishes/. She .cleaned. the /floor/. No one .made. /lunch/. 3. Use conjunctions to join only clauses that are closely related in thought. Good: Mary went to the movies, but I could not go. Not good: Mary went to the movies, but I like milk. 4. A compound sentence can be divided into two sentences (or two independent clauses):
Examples: Shirley cleaned the house, and I watched the children. Shirley cleaned the house. I watched the children. 5. A simple sentence cannot be divided into two independent clauses that make sense, even if it has compound parts:
Good: A man in a blue suit went by and crossed the street. Not good: A man in a blue suit went by. Crossed the street. 6. The conjunctions and, but, and or are used most often in compound sentences. These coordinating conjunction join words, phrases, or clauses of equal value.
Examples: You and I work together. He came early, but he did not stay late. Are you in or out?
7. When a coordinating conjunction joins clauses, it is not part of the clause itself. However, it may be included in the clause’s markings. Example: We .must learn. {to read}, {and we must learn to spell}.
8. Some very short clauses that are closely related to each other, may not have commas between them.
Example: He .has. the /tickets/ and I .have. the /transportation/.
Exercise, Lesson 20
Instructions: Read, study, and memorize the key teaching points regarding this lesson. When you can recall and discuss the information with understanding, take the test. What to learn about conjunctions 1. A conjunction is used to join two elements and make them compound. 2.A clause is marked as either an [adjective] or {adverb}. 3. An independent clause contains a verb and subject and expresses a complete thought. It can also be set off from the rest of the sentence with commas. 5. Use conjunctions to join only clauses that are closely related in thought. 6. A compound sentence can be divided into two sentences (or two independent clauses). 7. A simple sentence cannot be divided into two independent clauses that make sense, even if it has compound parts. 8. When a coordinating conjunction joins a clause, it is not part of the clause itself. However, it may be included in the clause’s markings.
9. Some very short clauses that are closely related to each other may not have commas between them. Test, Lesson 20
Instructions: Write the sentences on a separate sheet of paper and answer all of the questions. 1. What is a simple sentence? 2. What happens when two independent clauses are joined by a conjunction? 3. Which is longer, a compound or complex sentence? 4. Which sentence has the most supporting information compound or complex? 5. What happens when two sentences are joined together? 6. How are independent clauses marked? 7. How are dependent clauses marked? 8. Write two sentences using dependent clauses. 9. Write two compound sentences. 10. How are conjunctions used in compound sentences? 11. Write three compound sentences using and, but, and or. 12. When are commas not necessary in clauses? |